Sensenbrenner syndrome: A new member of the hepatorenal fibrocystic family

Abstract

Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED, Sensenbrenner syndrome; OMIM #218330) is an autosomal recessive disorder reported only in 15 cases, which is characterized by dolichocephaly, rhizomelic dwarfism, dental and nail dysplasia, and progressive tubulo-interstitial nephritis (TIN) leading to end-stage renal failure. Herein, we describe a new patient with cranio-ectodermal dysplasia. Unlike previously reported cases, this 4-year-old child presented with tubulo-interstitial nephropathy associated with liver cystic disease and elevated liver enzymes. The liver biopsy demonstrated congenital hepatic fibrosis secondary to ductal plate malformation. The coexistence of a chronic tubulo-interstitial renal disease with lesions associated to malformations of the hepatic ductal plate indicates that CED as a new member of the congenital hepatorenal fibrocystic syndromes.