Senescence Marker Protein 30 (SMP30): A Novel Pan-Species Diagnostic Marker for the Histopathological Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Humans and Animals.

Su-Min Baek,Jin-Kyu Park,Sungho Yun,Tae-Un Kim,Se-Hyeon Han,Il-Hwa Hong,Sang-Joon Park,Tae-Hwan Kim,Won-Jae Lee,Seong-Kyoon Choi,Kyu-Shik Jeong,Seoung-Woo Lee

doi:10.3390/ijms22052340

Abstract

Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a cell survival factor playing an important role in vitamin C synthesis and antiapoptosis. Moreover, its cytoprotective role suggests a possibility to be related to cancer cell survival. Mammary carcinoma is a common cancer in both humans and animals. Because of its histopathological diversity, especially in the early stage, histopathological diagnosis may be complicated; therefore, a diagnostic marker is helpful for confirmation. The present study analyzed the expression pattern of SMP30 in mammary carcinoma in humans, dogs, and cats. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis were used to investigate SMP30 expression patterns. The expression was specifically observed in neoplastic glandular epithelial cells. The expression increased with the malignancy of glandular epithelial cells with a highly proliferative status. However, SMP30 expression was low in normal mammary gland tissues or well-differentiated adenoma tissues. The patterns were consistently reproduced in canine primary mammary carcinoma cells and MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human carcinoma cell lines. This study provides useful information to understand SMP30 expression in various stages of mammary carcinoma and to suggest its utility as a pan-species diagnostic marker, thereby helping to establish strategies for diagnosing mammary carcinoma in several species.

Highlights

IntroductionAn estimated 627,000 women died of breast cancer, accounting for 15% of cancer deaths in females [1]
For many years, breast cancer incidence has increased tremendously worldwide
We examined whether Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) expression levels can indicate malignancy of feline mammary carcinoma

Summary

Introduction

An estimated 627,000 women died of breast cancer, accounting for 15% of cancer deaths in females [1]. An estimated 2.1 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, which accounts for almost one in four cases of cancer [2]. In countries where ovariectomy is not frequently performed, the incidence of mammary neoplasia makes up 50% to 70% of all neoplasia in intact female dogs [6]. In countries with well-developed medical care services, mammary gland tumors are still reported to be one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasias. They account for 41.7% of all tumors developed in intact female dogs [7]. Medical advances have raced ahead in treatment, early diagnosis is still most crucial to improve prognosis and survival rates for mammary gland tumors [8,9]

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