Abstract
Viral infection triggers insect immune response, including RNA interference, apoptosis and autophagy, and profoundly changes the gene expression profiles in infected cells. Although intracellular degradation is crucial for restricting viral infection, intercellular communication is required to mount a robust systemic immune response. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the intercellular communications in insect antiviral immunity, including protein-based and virus-derived RNA based cell-cell communications, with emphasis on the signaling pathway that induces the production of the potential cytokines. The prospects and challenges of future work are also discussed.
Highlights
Viral infection has posed a significant threat to human and animal health, agricultural production and environmental safety
The secondary virus-derived dsRNA (vsRNA) is secreted by haemocytes in exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) and spreads through the haemolymph. It is processed into small interfering RNA (siRNA) by cells taking up these ELVs and confers virus-specific immunity. This systemic antiviral potential of haemocyte-derived ELVs persists weeks after the onset of viral infection, it was proposed as an RNA interference (RNAi)-based “adaptive immunity” in Drosophila
The absence of viral loads in tissues expressing antiviral marker genes [32] or passive protection of naïve flies against viral challenges conferred by injection of purified ELVs from viral infected flies [61] suggests a tissue-targeted delivery or diffusion throughout the entire body, identification of molecules that act as receptors or carriers of those extracellular substances will decipher how the antiviral signal is transmitted between cells, which tissues or organs are targeted and which intracellular pathways are activated
Summary
Viral infection triggers insect immune response, including RNA interference, apoptosis and autophagy, and profoundly changes the gene expression profiles in infected cells. Intracellular degradation is crucial for restricting viral infection, intercellular communication is required to mount a robust systemic immune response. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the intercellular communications in insect antiviral immunity, including protein-based and virus-derived RNA based cell-cell communications, with emphasis on the signaling pathway that induces the production of the potential cytokines. The prospects and challenges of future work are discussed
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