Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) and the Conflict in Peru

Abstract

In this chapter, Mealy and Austad detail the origins and evolution of the ethnocultural conflict in Peru which continues today. Identification of the involved groups is traced to the caste system formed following Spanish conquest that is based on quantity of European versus indigenous heritage. Values unique to the indigenous culture are discussed as they were manipulated by both sides of the conflict and eventually played a role in uprising against the guerilla movements. Recognition of the current volatility in Peru provides an impetus for the solutions offered. Exploration of escalating conflict emphasizes the role of revolutionary movements which focused on class distinction rather than ethnicity while duplicating prejudice against those with darker skin who were seen as in need of protection. The authors describe the wide use of propaganda to attract both the educated and peasant groups of mixed and indigenous lineage to the movement, as well as forced recruitment of children by both sides of the conflict. Existent values of the Quechua indigenous culture are examined as they explain the shift in perception of the guerilla movement from savior to oppressor. The ensuing conflicts and eventual support of the state military are given credit for many victories. New leadership in Peru with a focus on counterterrorism is recognized as reducing conflict further; however, mention of two remaining revolutionary groups acknowledge continuing tension. Mealy and Austad recount the consequences of conflict for the indigenous people, particularly women and children, which remain largely unaddressed. Formation of a commission to resolve both the causes and effects of war is viewed as a positive step; however, the authors note a lack of execution on the part of the state. Through examining indigenous values of reconciliation and justice, the authors reveal a promising avenue for restoring peace. Lessons learned from the conflicts in Peru are discussed and specific suggestions for changes at the government level are offered.