Abstract
AbstractThe ejaculated semen consists of two major components viz. sperm cells (spermatozoa) and the fluid part obtained after centrifugation called seminal plasma. The spermatozoa originate from the semniferous tubule and are suspended in the seminal plasma. The seminal plasma is composed of secretions contributed by the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, ampullae, prostate and bulbourethral glands. About 60-80 % of the ejaculated semen of the bull originates from these sources. Seminal plasma is a highly complex biological fluid containing proteins, amino acids, enzymes, fructose and other carbohydrates, lipids, major minerals and trace elements. Seminal plasma proteins partly originates from the blood plasma by exudation through the lumen of the male genital tract and partly are synthesized and secreted by various reproductive organs and are known as seminal plasma specific proteins. Several seminal plasma proteins of blood origin viz. prealbumin, albumin, globulin, transferring, α-antitrypsin, β-lipoprotein, β-glycoprotein, orsomucoid, kininogen, Peptide hormones, IgG, IgA and IgM have been identified and characterized. These proteins are involved in regulation of osmotic pressure and pH of seminal plasma, transport of ions, lipid and hormones. A major part of seminal plasma proteins originate from the testis, epididymis, vas deference, prostate, seminal vesicle and bulbourethral glands. The biosynthesis and secretion of these proteins is regulated by testosterone levels in the blood.
Highlights
Two major componentsSperm cells (Spermatozoa) Seminal plasmaSeminal plasma : Testis, Epididymis, Seminal vesicles, Ampullae, Prostate and Bulbourethral glandsSP contains proteins, amino acids, enzymes, fructose and other carbohydrates, lipids, major minerals and trace elementsSeminal Plasma ProteinsSeminal plasma proteins of blood origin Seminal plasma specific proteinsSeminal Plasma Proteins of Blood OriginSeminal Plasma Specific ProteinsBSP –proteins, BSA-A1, BSA-A2, BSA-A3 and BSA -30 kDA proteins Cont...Techniques for using of separation proteins
Subjecting the heparin binding seminal plasma proteins (HBP) treated spermatozoa to cryopreservation resulted in significant reduction of motility, viability, acrosomal integrity and response to BCMPT and HOST in the HBP treated groups when compared to those in control group
Inseminated with Fertilization-Associated Antigen (FAA)-positive spermatozoa pregnancy rates were about 15% higher than in females inseminated with FAA-negative spermatozoa
Summary
BSP-A1, BSP-A2, BSP-A3, and BSP-30 kDa Secretory products of seminal vesicles BSPA1, A-2, and -A3 have a molecular mass between. Homologs Boar : pB1 Stallion :HSP-1, HSP-2, and HSP-12 kDa Goat :GSP-14 kDa, GSP-15 kDa, GSP-20 kDa, and GSP-22 kDa. BSP proteins have to interact with choline phospholipids on the sperm membrane, with high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) and with heparin. Biological role in sperm membrane stabilization (decapacitation) and destabilization (capacitation) during the fertilization process. BSP proteins bind to the choline phospholipids of the sperm membrane, which may sterically hinder phospholipids movements and thereby stabilize the membrane. Capacitation :Removal or modification of certain surface components as well as an increase in the permeability of the plasma membrane to metal ions. Increased binding of calmodulin in the absence of Ca2+ has been observed with proteins in plasma membrane preparations and outer acrosomal membrane complexes of bovine epididymal spermatozoa, and with proteins (21-14 kDa) of ejaculated boar spermatozoa and human spermatozoa. Synthesised and secreted :seminal vesicles, prostate and ampullae of the vas deferens of the bulls and not by the testis and epididymis
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