Abstract
Abstract. Using airglow data from an all-sky imager deployed at São João do Cariri (7.4∘ S, 36.5∘ W), the start times of equatorial plasma bubbles was studied in order to investigate the day-to-day variability of this phenomenon. Data from a period over 10 years were analyzed from 2000 to 2010. Semimonthly oscillations were clearly observed in the start times of plasma bubbles from OI6300 airglow images during this period of observation, and four case studies (September 2003, September–October 2005, November 2005 and January 2008) were chosen to show in detail this kind of modulation. Since the airglow measurements are not continuous in time, more than one cycle of oscillation in the start times of plasma bubbles cannot be observed from these data. Thus, data from a digisonde at São Luís (2.6∘ S, 44.2∘ W) in November 2005 were used to corroborate the results. Technical/climate issues did not allow one to observe the semimonthly oscillations simultaneously by the two instruments, but from October to November 2005 there was a predominance of this oscillation in the start times of the irregularities over Brazil. Besides, statistical analysis for the data in the whole period of observation has shown that the lunar tide, which has semimonthly variability, is likely the main forcing for the semimonthly oscillation in the start times of equatorial plasma bubbles. The presence of this oscillation can contribute to the day-to-day variability of equatorial plasma bubbles.
Highlights
Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are generated on the bottom side of the F region in the equatorial ionosphere when there is an unstable F layer
The solid line represents the best fit for a periodicity of 14.5 d, the stars correspond to the exact time in which the plasma bubble appeared in the OI 630.0 nm (OI6300) images and the filled circle shows the new moon time
One can see a good agreement of the fit line with the observation during a half cycle of the oscillation. The amplitude of this oscillation was calculated from the fitting as ∼ 52 min; i.e., there was a difference of ∼ 52 min in the start times of EPBs along the observed nights
Summary
Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are generated on the bottom side of the F region in the equatorial ionosphere when there is an unstable F layer They generally occur after the pre-reversal enhancement (PRE), after sunset. It is well known that the main component of the lunar tides has a semimonthly oscillation Based on these factors, the present work shows, for the first time, that there are semimonthly oscillations statistically significant in the start times of EPBs observed by airglow images throughout the period of observations. The present work shows, for the first time, that there are semimonthly oscillations statistically significant in the start times of EPBs observed by airglow images throughout the period of observations These results can indicate strong evidence of the lunar semidiurnal tide modulating the wind system in the F region, and it drives the time of generation of Spread-F
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