Abstract
The low power efficiency (5-15%) of solid state power amplifiers, working in back-off to guarantee a good linearity, could become the show stopper for some future space and terrestrial communication ventures at Ka-band and above. Semi-active reflector and conformal antennas, using Butler-like matrices between the power amplifiers and the feed elements, were first introduced to directly generate flexible multiple beams most efficiently.For linear and planar arrays, such phase-only control at power amplifier inputs can provide beam zooming or amplitude tapering, but no proper beam steering. The paper discusses and analyses the extension of the semi-active principle to linear and planar arrays, by use of multiport amplifiers with amplitude and phase input control to power the elements most efficiently.Performances and limitations of such systems are analyzed and demonstrated for a few examples.
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