Abstract
This study investigated the leap characteristics of rainbow trout (also known as steelhead) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) present in the Laurentian Great Lakes. To aid in the collection and annotation of leaps, a custom web application was developed and through the labeling of key markers, the launch speed, launch angle, and length of the fish were calculated. Data collection took place during migratory runs in the spring of 2022 and 2023 that resulted in 173 total leaps annotated with mean launch angles of 58.73 and 68.2 degrees, in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The mean launch speed normalized by body length was consistent across years at 8.6 body lengths per second. The integration of leaping data with computational fluid dynamics simulations revealed steelhead launch angle aligns closely with the water velocity direction as the velocity magnitude increases. Applications of this study include hazard analyses for unintended escapement and informed design of intelligent migratory barriers such as those to be developed at FishPass, an instream research facility under design for the Boardman (Ottaway) River in Traverse City, MI, USA.
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