Abstract
The multi-year outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) and velocity potential (χ) generated from the 200-mb wind fields of the National Meteorological Center and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts were used to examine the structure of the semi-annual divergent circulation and its relation with tropical cumulus convection. As inferred from the semi-annual mode of the asymmetric OLR component (OLR E ), the east–west differential response to the solar heating between the Asian-Australian (AA) monsoon (60°E−120°W) and the extra-AA monsoon (120°W−60°E) hemispheres sustains a distinct semi-annual mode of the asymmetric divergent circulation with a wavenumber-1 structure. This semi-annual mode of the asymmetric divergent circulation, represented by the asymmetric velocity potential (χ E ), develops in time coherently with the semi-annual mode of tropical cumulus convection, which indicates a faster response in the extra-AA monsoon hemisphere. That is, the negative centres of semiannual OLR E anomalies and the divergent center of the semi-annual χ E field appear in the extra-AA monsoon hemisphere in April/October and in the AA-monsoon hemisphere in January/July. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1992.t01-3-00001.x
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