Semantic Technologies for Semantic Applications. Part 1. Basic Components of Semantic Technologies

Abstract

This paper discusses the basic aspects of the modern understanding of semantic computations, semantic technologies, and semantic applications in the field of artificial intelligence. The basic terminology accepted in the work is introduced and specific examples of semantic applications, including industrial-level ones, are given. The paper demonstrates that the basic components of semantic technologies of artificial intelligence are ontologies and semantic models of their use, semantic resources, and the semantic component of the technology. The semantic resources contain information about the semantics of words and other entities, as well as means of refinement of these semantics. The semantic component is used to create formal descriptions of the meanings of natural language entities and numerically evaluate their pairwise semantic similarity. The available semantic resources are discussed and a comparative analysis of them is given. Information on natural language entity types (primitives) is given and then used for the practical purposes of building models of formal description of the meaning of texts in various semantic applications. The latter components of description of text semantics constitute the contents of the second part of this paper.