Semantic features of the lexico-semantic group "Fishes" in Russian (in comparison with Czech)

Abstract

The article presents comparative characteristics of the semantic features of the lexico-semantic groups «Fishes» in Russian and Czech. It demonstrates there is the archiseme ‘fish’ in the lexico-semantic group «Fishes» in Russian, which can be represented directly or by the hidden form. The archiseme ‘fish’ in Czech is also represented both directly and indirectly. The component analysis of lexemes allowed to identify the differential semes that complement the archiseme and can be combined into groups of classification (parametric) characteristics. The lexico-semantic group «Fishes» describes 9 such characteristics: proximity of origin, geographical habitat, body parts, scope of use, lifestyle features, habitat, colour, size, nutrition. In the lexico-semantic group «Fishes» differential semes are combined into 11 parametric characteristics: proximity of origin, body parts, lifestyle features, geographical habitat, scope of use, habitat, shape, size, nutrition, flavour, colour. The body of fish and its individual parts, in turn, are complemented by differential semes according to various characteristics: shape, colour, size, touch, etc. The article draws conclusions about the specifics of the description of the meaning of lexemes that are included in the lexico-semantic groups «Fishes» in Russian and Czech.