Abstract
Recently, Social tagging systems (folksonomies) have become very popular platforms where content is created collaboratively by users. This kind of environments allows users to assign shared resources with freely chosen keywords (tags). Folksonomies provide a valuable addition to the knowledge organization methods since they allow users to choose vocabularies that meet their real tastes and cognition. However, the lacking of standardization and the flat structure of tags in folksonomies pose challenges for folksonomy searching and information retrieval. Several researches have been proposed to overcome these drawbacks. In this paper, the authors present, describe and compare the most relevant approaches to capturing hidden semantics in folksonomies and turning it into ontologies. The authors also present and describe many techniques, tools and online resources that can be useful in working on such systems. Finally, the authors propose an approach to extract ontology from social tagging systems.
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