Abstract
White spot infiltration emerged as an alternative of non-invasive treatment to halt progression of the lesion, through the use of low viscosity resins that would permeate the porous enamel and form a physical barrier that would prevent the acid diffusion produced by micro-organisms. Purpose: To compare penetration levels in artificial white spot lesions, of infiltrant resin ICON™ and 2 conventional adhesives systems, XP-Bond™ and Single Bond 2™. Methodology: White spot lesions (ICDAS code 2) were caused in 75 premolars or third molars were extracted in good conditions, by immersion in a 0.1 M lactic acid solution (pH 4.5) at 37℃ for 8 weeks. They were divided randomly into 3 groups of 25 samples and applied the following resins, Group A: ICON™, B: XP-Bond™ and C: Single Bond 2™. Subsequently, the enamel was removed with hydrochloric acid to expose resin saturated area and the samples were metalized with Au-Pd for SEM observation. The resin tags lengths were measured on microphotographs through software, and the values were analyzed with the statistics ANOVA and Scheffe post-test. Results: There were significant differences (p ™ (82.7 μm ± 26.8 μm) compared to adhesive systems XP-Bond™ (58.5 μm ± 29.3 μm) and Single Bond 2™ (44.8 μm ± 32.5 μm). We found no significant differences between the two adhesive systems (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Under the conditions tested, the penetration of infiltrant ICON was significantly higher than the adhesive systems; however, it removes the surface layer of the enamel.
Highlights
The dental paradigm about the emergence of white spot lesions has progressed towards a higher preservation of healthy dental tissues, which is known as minimally invasive dentistry [1] [2] [3]
We found no significant differences between the two adhesive systems (p > 0.05)
Re-mineralization process obtained with fluoride treatment is not fast, is not always achieved, part of the reason that resin infiltration procedure arose 40 years ago as an alternative treatment for white spot lesions, stopping the advance of the lesion by infiltrating low viscosity resins, capable of spreading through the porous enamel structure [4] [5] [6]
Summary
The dental paradigm about the emergence of white spot lesions has progressed towards a higher preservation of healthy dental tissues, which is known as minimally invasive dentistry [1] [2] [3]. Re-mineralization process obtained with fluoride treatment is not fast, is not always achieved, part of the reason that resin infiltration procedure arose 40 years ago as an alternative treatment for white spot lesions, stopping the advance of the lesion by infiltrating low viscosity resins, capable of spreading through the porous enamel structure [4] [5] [6] These monomers once polymerized form a physical barrier against acid diffusion produced by microorganisms, as well as they prevented the release of calcium and phosphate ions from enamel, despite the acid medium [7] [8]. In 2007, Paris et al developed a research line using conventional adhesives by modifying its composition (primarily Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA and ethanol), with the aim of improving penetration capacity of material [5] The result of their investigations was the creation of an infiltrant resin marketed ICONTM (DMG, Hamburg, Germany), designed for treatment of white spot lesions [13] [14]. Even though its clinical use is increasing nowadays, there is not enough independent scientific evidence to promote its application, since most studies were carried out by the same group of researchers that created this resin [15] [16] [17] [18]
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