SEM and TEM electromicroscopic study of chronic inflammated mucosa and polyps

Abstract

Problem: The subject of this research represents the scanning and electromicroscopic observing of the changes on the surface and morphological structures of the chronic inflammated mucosa and polyps of the paranasal cavities, as well as their ultra-structural changes (number of the goblet cells, their activity, and their ciliar structure). Methods: Clinical material used for the research comes from about 20 hospitalized patients from the Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Clinical Center, Nis, with the trepanation of the maxillary sinus procedure according to Caldwell-Lucc. Pieces of mucosa were first fixed in 2.5% of glutaralaldehyde for the transmisional electromicroscopia. The SEM was used in researching the cell shapes and surfaces of the tissues.The JOEL electron microscope, with magnification capacity of 400–90,000 times, was used in the research and scanning. Results: There were an abnormally increased number of goblet cells compared to the cylindrical cells, which is not in keeping with the normal mucosa. The reduction of number, size, length, and distribution of the cilia is on the cylindrical cells. It is interesting that the goblet cells can also be researched in the deeper parts of lamina epithealis, in whose segments of the cells that are nearer to the surface multiphase of the secretorial activity can be observed and researched. Conclusion: (1) Denudation and reduction of the cell rows and metaplasia of the goblet cells have been observed. (2) These lead to the prevention of the expression of the secretorial IgA, which disturbs the mucosal immunity. (3) The syndrome of the immotile cilia causes the absence of the mucociliar transport. (4) This leads to the impossibility for the bacteria, fungi, viruses, and particles inhaled to be adequately and qualitatively removed at the same time, leading to conditions for the genesis of the chronic infections of mucus of the sinuses. Significance: The presence of the denudation and reduction of the cell rows and the goblet cell metaplasia, which reduce the barrier function of mucosa, causes clinical symptoms including running and obstruction of the nose, etc. Support: None repored.