Abstract
The ZAP-X® is a newly designed, self-contained, and first-of-its-kind self-shielded therapeutic radiation therapy device dedicated to brain and head and neck stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). By using an S-band linear accelerator (linac) and employing integrated minimal but sufficient shielding, the ZAP-X does not typically require a radiation bunker. At the same time, the self-shielded features of the ZAP-X are designed for more consistency of radiation protection, reducing the risk to radiation workers and others potentially exposed from a poorly designed or constructed radiotherapy vault.This study postulates that a radiosurgical system can be self-shielded, such that it produces radiation exposure levels deemed safe to the public while operating under a full clinical workload. The goal of self-shielding is achieved under all but the most exceptional clinical conditions.This work is intended to serve as guidance for the radiation safety evaluations of future ZAP-X treatment operations, following local or regional applicable regulatory requirements, and utilizing the unique provision of all or most of the required shielding material as an integral part of the device.
Highlights
The ZAP-X® system is a dedicated, self-contained, and self-shielded radiosurgery system developed and manufactured by ZAP Surgical Systems, Inc., of San Carlos, California
Composite exposure rates in milliroentgens per hour (mR/h) are based on the mean value for each of the five tested gantry angles
Due to the self-shielding materials provided as an integral part of the ZAP-X system, the resulting radiation leakage will remain below the allowable annual dose levels for the public without the provision of a treatment bunker
Summary
The ZAP-X® system is a dedicated, self-contained, and self-shielded radiosurgery system developed and manufactured by ZAP Surgical Systems, Inc., of San Carlos, California. Utilizing an S-band linear accelerator with a 3.0-MV accelerating potential, this device is designed for stereotactic radiosurgical (SRS) ablation of intracranial and head and neck lesions [1]. Most components needed to produce the therapeutic beam, such as the radiofrequency power source, waveguide system, beam triggering electronics, and a dedicated beam stop, are mounted on or integrated into the primary spherical supporting structure. By being mounted onto a shielded treatment sphere with dual-axes of independent rotation, the treatment beam from the linear accelerator can be isocentrically positioned across a solid angle of over 2π steradian, as necessitated for cranial SRS
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