Abstract
Recently, Zarling et al reported one patient with acute myeloid leukemia whose remission lymphocytes developed significant cytotoxicity against autologous leukemic blast cells. The development of cytotoxicity required in vitro sensitization with a mixture of mitomycin-C-inactivated autologous leukemic blasts and allogeneic normal lymphocytes. The chapter discuss the adoption of this assay to study patients who have been undergoing immunotherapy with BCG or BCG plus irradiated allogeneic blast cells. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of duration of complete remission at the time of testing. It is apparent that overall cytotoxicity, whatever the target or priming method, is higher in those patients in remission for longer than six months. Cytotoxicity against autologous leukemic blast cells was greatest after priming with a mixture of autologous blasts plus allogeneic lymphocytes, though this procedure produced negligible cytotoxicity against autologous remission lymphocytes, and less cytotoxicity against allogeneic lymphocytes than was achieved by priming with allogeneic lymphocytes alone.
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