Abstract

BackgroundHypertension is a major risk factor for the global burden of disease, particularly in countries that are not economically developed. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with self-reported hypertension among residents of Inner Mongolia using a cross-sectional study and to explore trends in the rate of self-reported hypertension.MethodsMulti-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to survey 13,554 participants aged more than 15 years residing in Inner Mongolia for the 2013 Fifth Health Service Survey. Hypertension was self-reported based on a past diagnosis of hypertension and current use of antihypertensive medication. Adjusted odds risks (ORs) of self-reported hypertension were derived for each independent risk factor including basic socio-demographic and clinical factors using multivariable logistic regression. An optimized risk score model was used to assess the risk and determine the predictive power of risk factors on self-reported hypertension among Inner Mongolia residents.ResultsDuring study period, self-reported hypertension prevalence was 19.0% (2571/13,554). In multivariable analyses, both female and minority groups were estimated to be associated with increased risk of self-reported hypertension, adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.22 (1.08, 1.37) and 1.66 (1.29, 2.13) for other minority compared with Han, increased risk of self-reported hypertension prevalence was associated with age, marital status, drinking, BMI, and comorbidity. In the analyses calculated risk score by regression coefficients, old age (≥71) had a score of 12, which was highest among all examined factors. The predicted probability of self-reported hypertension was positively associated with risk score. Of 13,421 participants with complete data, 284 had a risk score greater than 20, which corresponded to a high estimated probability of self-reported hypertension (≥67%).ConclusionsSelf-reported hypertension was largely related to multiple clinical and socio-demographic factors. An optimized risk score model can effectively predict self-reported hypertension. Understanding these factors and assessing the risk score model can help to identify the high-risk groups, especially in areas with multi-ethnic populations.

Highlights

  • Hypertension is a major risk factor for the global burden of disease, in countries that are not economically developed

  • Many factors have been reported to be associated with HTN among residents of Inner Mongolia, including comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle characteristics, such as diabetes, age, drinking, body mass index (BMI, weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), and dietary habits [5,6,7,8,9]

  • Further multivariable modeling with these variables demonstrated that the or widowed/divorced (OR) for self-reported HTN were 1.07 for age, 1.22 for female, 1.66 for minority, 2.05 for married residents, 1.19 for drinkers, 2.49 for those with a high Body mass index (BMI) (BMI ≥24), and 2.06 for those with comorbidities (Table 3)

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Summary

Introduction

Hypertension is a major risk factor for the global burden of disease, in countries that are not economically developed. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with self-reported hypertension among residents of Inner Mongolia using a cross-sectional study and to explore trends in the rate of self-reported hypertension. Four large-scale population surveys have reported HTN rates in 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008 were 5.11%, 7.73%, 13.58%, and 18.8%, respectively [4]. These previous findings indicate a lower prevalence in China than the global average, the total prevalence of HTN has increased over time. The exact role and effect value of these factors in predicting HTN remain unclear

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