Abstract
Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. However, the exact mechanisms linking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression and anxiety have not been identified. To compare self-reported depression and anxiety among patients diagnosed with COPD in relation to healthy controls. Case control study at a public hospital institution in Spain. We designed a case-control study. Patients were recruited using a consecutive sampling method from a single institution. Two groups were created: COPD and healthy controls. Data on medical history and demographic background were collected from the medical records. Self-reported depression levels were assessed using Beck's depression inventory (BDI). Self-reported anxiety was measured using the State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI). Fifty-two patients with COPD and fifty healthy patients were included in this study. BDI scores were higher for COPD patients (10.23 ± 6.26) than in the control group (5.2 ± 6.56). STAI-state scores were higher for COPD patients (41.85 ± 12.55) than for controls (34.88 ± 9.25). STAI-trait scores were higher for COPD patients (41.42 ± 10.01) than for controls (34.62 ± 9.19). This study showed that there were higher levels of depression and anxiety among COPD patients than among healthy controls.
Highlights
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the fourth leading cause of death worldwide.[1]
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), common mental disorders refer to two main diagnostic categories: depressive disorders and anxiety disorders
We focused on Beck’s depression inventory (BDI) as our principal outcome measurement in the preliminary study (n = 28 participants) with two groups: 14 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (9.28 ± 6.16 points) and 14 healthy controls (4.92 ± 3.64 points)
Summary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the fourth leading cause of death worldwide.[1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), common mental disorders refer to two main diagnostic categories: depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. Both of these are highly prevalent in the population and can affect people of all ages. Depressive disorders are characterized by symptoms such as sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, sleep difficulties, fatigue, appetite or weight changes, feelings of tiredness, psychomotor disturbances, poor ability to concentrate and even suicidality.[4] Depression can be long-lasting or recurrent, and causes impairment to activities of daily life. 40% of the population are affected by an anxiety disorder at some point.[9] The consequences of both anxiety and depression in terms of loss of health are substantial and have considerable effects on patients’ health-related quality of life. We hypothesized that people with COPD would have worse levels of self-perceived depression and anxiety traits and states, compared with healthy people
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