Self-discrepancy and elaboration of self-conceptions as factors influencing reactions to feedback

Abstract

Previous research examined the predictions of the self-enhancement theory and the self-consistency theory regarding reactions to self-relevant feedback. In the present study two circumstances that are supposed to moderate self-enhancement and self-consistency motives have been examined: the elaboration of a self-conception and the discrepancy between the actual self and a personal standard. One hundred and fourteen participants received either positive, consistent, or negative feedback regarding their results on a personality test. Affective and cognitive reactions to fictitious feedback were measured as dependent variables. In accordance with prior empirical evidence, affective reactions followed the self-enhancement theory and cognitive reactions were in line with the self-consistency theory. Moreover, affective and cognitive reactions were influenced by the elaboration of a self-conception and the discrepancy between the actual self and a personal standard as predicted. Regarding affective reactions, the predictions of the self-enhancement theory were more clearly supported when self-conceptions were less elaborated or when people perceived a high self-discrepancy. Regarding cognitive reactions, the predictions of the self-consistency theory were more clearly supported when self-conceptions were highly elaborated or when people perceived a low self-discrepancy. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.