Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) gyrators consisting of system of Sm-doped NiZn ferrites (Ni1-xZnxSm0.02Fe1.98O4, 0.2≤x≤0.5) and piezoelectric ceramics [Pb(Zr, Ti)O3] with coil wound around have been developed. Distinct hysteresis behaviors were observed in off-resonance ME couplings and power conversion efficiency (PE) characterizations, resulting in a non-zero ME response and anticipating a higher remanent PE at zero bias. Consequently, light samarium doping facilitates the enhancement of PE, which reaches its maximum of 81.5% under optimum bias and self-biasing value of 58.5% under zero bias in the composite of Ni0.8Zn0.2Sm0.02Fe1.98O4/PZT trilayer respectively, exhibiting approximately 2.2 times higher than the counterpart without any samarium doping. These findings provide great possibilities of ME gyrators for miniaturized devices deployed in power electronics, converters and wireless energy harvesters without a sacrifice in magneto-mechanical efficiency.
Highlights
This topic did not draw much attention, the innovation in power electronics was motivated by reduced requirement for volume, weight and power and the studies concerning compact ME gyrators were revived from 2016.14 Leung et al reported a high power conversion efficiency (PE) of 73.9% in Terfenol-D/PZT magnetoelectric-coil gyrator at the electromechanical resonance (EMR) frequency of 72.5kHz under H=1000Oe and RL=2.6kΩ, which has been proven to be achievable in highly efficient power conversions between magnetic and electric energies
The inset shows peak value of d33m vs Zn concentration x in Ni1-xZnxSm0.02Fe1.98O4 (0.2≤x≤0.5) ferrites, and the data of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe1.98O4 without samarium doping for comparison
From typical d33m vs f profiles illustrated in Fig. 1(b), a resonance peak was observed around the EMR frequency of 81kHz determined by sample volume, and the observable frequency shifting was attributed to the doping-induced elastic modulus variations
Summary
In 1948, Tellegen conjectured a two-port four-wire ideal gyrator to describe a non-reciprocal electrical element with passive, linear and lossless characteristics, a circuit symbol as well as a number of routes for a practical gyrator implementation was introduced. Gyrator capable of remarkable properties of direct V-I/I-V conversions can invert a capacitive circuit behavior inductively or vice versa, which was regarded as a missing fifth fundamental electrical element followed by resistor, capacitor, inductor and transformer. In recent years, the interest of scientific community in developing multifunctional ME devices was well illustrated by the flourishing technical literatures, providing a great possibility to fulfill the requirements of the gyration physics and accelerate the pace of gyrator realization. A ME gyrator made of a currentcarrying copper coil wound around a ME laminate allows for magneto-mechanical-electric conversion between magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers via product property. A milestone in the development of gyrator occurred in 2006,12 Zhai et al pioneered a ME gyrator with distinct I-V gyration effects in Tb1-xDyxFe2-x/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 laminates, and a theoretical estimation of I-V conversion coefficient up to 2500V/A in the vicinity of resonance was predicted by an equivalent circuit method.13 This topic did not draw much attention, the innovation in power electronics was motivated by reduced requirement for volume, weight and power and the studies concerning compact ME gyrators were revived from 2016.14 Leung et al reported a high PE of 73.9% in Terfenol-D/PZT magnetoelectric-coil gyrator at the electromechanical resonance (EMR) frequency of 72.5kHz under H=1000Oe and RL=2.6kΩ, which has been proven to be achievable in highly efficient power conversions between magnetic and electric energies.. Samples with Zn concentration x in Ni1-xZnxSm0.02Fe1.98O4 ferrites varied from 0.2 to 0.5 were synthesized, and the dynamic piezomagnetic coefficients (d33m) were characterized by using
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