Abstract
BackgroundChronic pain is one of the most common and debilitating health conditions. Treatments for chronic low back pain typically focus on biomedical treatment approaches. While psychosocial treatments exist, multiple barriers prevent broad access. There is a significant unmet need for integrative, easily accessible, non-opioid solutions for chronic pain. Virtual reality (VR) is an immersive technology allowing innovation in the delivery of behavioral pain treatments. Behavioral skills-based VR is effective at facilitating pain management and reducing pain-related concerns. Continued research on these emerging approaches is needed.ObjectiveIn this randomized controlled trial, we seek to test the efficacy of a self-administered behavioral skills-based VR program as a nonpharmacological home-based pain management treatment for people with chronic low back pain (cLBP).MethodsWe will randomize 180 individuals with cLBP to 1 of 2 VR programs: (1) EaseVRx (8-week skills-based VR program); or (2) Sham VR (control condition). All participants will receive a VR headset to minimize any biases related to the technology’s novelty. The Sham VR group had 2D neutral content in a 3D theater-like environment. Our primary outcome is average pain intensity and pain-related interference with activity, stress, mood, and sleep. Our secondary outcomes include patient-reported physical function, sleep disturbance, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, health utilization, medication use, and user satisfaction. We hypothesize superiority for the skills-based VR program in all of these measures compared to the control condition. Team statisticians blinded to treatment assignment will assess outcomes up to 6 months posttreatment using an approach suitable for the longitudinal nature of the data.ResultsThe study was approved by the Western Institutional Review Board on July 2, 2020. The protocol (NCT04415177) was registered on May 27, 2020. Recruitment for this study was completed in July 2020, and data collection will remain active until March 2021. In total, 186 participants were recruited. Multiple manuscripts will be generated from this study. The primary manuscript will be submitted for publication in the winter of 2020.ConclusionsEffectively delivering behavioral treatments in VR could overcome barriers to care and provide scalable solutions to chronic pain’s societal burden. Our study could help shape future research and development of these innovative approaches.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04415177; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04415177International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR1-10.2196/25291
Highlights
Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons adults seek medical care [1]
The study was approved by the Western Institutional Review Board on July 2, 2020
Recruitment for this study was completed in July 2020, and data collection will remain active until March 2021
Summary
Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons adults seek medical care [1]. Chronic pain affects between 50 and 116 million Americans, more than cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease combined [1,2,3,4]. Other estimates suggest that 25 million American adults live with moderate to severe chronic pain (ie, pain scoring 4-7 on a visual analog scale and lasting over 3 months) that limits their activities and diminishes their quality of life [5,6]. Because of this great need, it is imperative to develop and test effective treatments for chronic pain. Behavioral skills-based VR is effective at facilitating pain management and reducing pain-related concerns Continued research on these emerging approaches is needed
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