Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of self-supported sulphurized TiO2 nanotube layers as a cathode material for Li microbatteries. Sulphurized TiO2 nanotubes were obtained by annealing of self-supported TiO2 nanotubes in sulphur atmosphere. The morphology, structure, composition and thermal stability of the TixOySz nanotube layers were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The electrochemical behaviors of the chemically modified nanotubes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry techniques. This nanostructured electrode used as a cathode material showed high rate capabilities even at very fast kinetics. Remarkably, a high discharge capacity (340μAhcm−2) has been retrieved after 100 cycles with 100% coulombic efficiency attesting the excellent stability of the electrode.
Highlights
The development of modern microelectronic devices like microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, medical implants, or smart cards, have necessitated the need of microscale power sources [1,2,3,4,5]
As apparent from the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)-energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental map, the composition of the S-TiO2 nanotube layers (TNTs) is very uniform along the walls, with S species evenly distributed within the TNT walls
Self-supported sulphurized TiO2 nanotube layers were investigated as potential positive electrodes for Li microbatteries
Summary
The development of modern microelectronic devices like microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, medical implants, or smart cards, have necessitated the need of microscale power sources [1,2,3,4,5]. The electrochemical performance of 2D microbatteries composed of planar thin-films cannot feed a variety of low power devices. In this context, self-supported 3D nanoarchitectures are expected to offer several advantages for microbatteries such as short transport length of charges, interpenetration between active components, and small areal footprints [6,7,8,9]. Pristine and chemically modified self-supported TiO2 nanotube layers (TNTs) have been extensively explored as anodes for Li-ion microbatteries [2,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]
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