Abstract
Due to increased grid problems caused by renewable energy systems being used to realize zero energy buildings and communities, the importance of energy sharing and self-sufficiency of renewable energy also increased. In this study, the energy performance of an energy-sharing community was investigated to improve its energy efficiency and renewable energy self-sufficiency. For a case study, a smart village was selected via detailed simulation. In this study, the thermal energy for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water was produced by ground source heat pumps, which were integrated with thermal energy storage (TES) with solar energy systems. We observed that the ST system integrated with TES showed higher self-sufficiency with grid interaction than the PV and PVT systems. This was due to the heat pump system being connected to thermal energy storage, which was operated as an energy storage system. Consequently, we also found that the ST system had a lower operating energy, CO2 emissions, and operating costs compared with the PV and PVT systems.
Highlights
To address global climate change, efforts to reduce carbon emissions have been undertaken by increasing the energy supply and energy efficiency through renewable energy.Some countries have launched several initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and some energy transition scenarios have been published [1,2,3,4,5].France has been engaged in the energy and environmental policy transformation for the Green Growth Act since 2012 and tried to develop the tool for realizing the energy transition [1]
A thermal energy-sharing system for serving the cooling, heating, and domestic hot water (DHW) needs with various renewable thermal energy systems was proposed to save energy and improve efficiency for the implementation of a low-carbon energy-sharing community, and the energy-saving effect for the proposed system was analyzed
We found that the solar thermal (ST) system could cover 27% of the total annual cooling, heating, and DHW energy demand, and the photovoltaic solar thermal (PVT) system could cover 9%
Summary
Some countries have launched several initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and some energy transition scenarios have been published [1,2,3,4,5]. To realize the successful energy transition, the socio-technical changes with stakeholders are important [2]. Even in the transportation sector in the EU, the share of renewable energy is not adequate for reaching the energy transition target [4]. From this point of view, many energy transition scenarios under the consideration of multiple stakeholder opinions have to be considered [5]
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