Self-stigma and the mediating impact of the "why try" effect on depression.

Abstract

The "why try" effect, a consequence of self-stigma, is a sense of behavioral futility that may worsen depression. This study examines the regressive model of self-stigma, the factor structure of a why try measure, and the pathway through which self-stigma leads to depression. Data from 291 people self-identifying with mental illness were collected through an online survey. Participants completed the Why Try Stigma Scale (WTSS) and measures of self-stigma and depression. Structural equation modeling was used to test the WTSS factor structure and path models. Reducing the WTSS from 12 to 6 items led to good fit. The regressive model of self-stigma was validated. A good fit was demonstrated for a model in which harm leads to unworthiness, then incapability, and then depression. The regressive model worsens sense of worthiness, which in turn affects personal capability, resulting in increased depression.