Abstract
AimsThe purpose of this study was to examine whether periodontitis is associated with incident type 2 diabetes in a Japanese male worker cohort.MethodsThe study participants were Japanese men, aged 36–55 years, without diabetes. Data were extracted from the MY Health Up study, consisting of self-administered questionnaire surveys at baseline and following annual health examinations for an insurance company in Japan. The oral health status of the participants was classified by two self-reported indicators: (1) gingival hemorrhage and (2) tooth loosening. Type 2 diabetes incidence was determined by self-reporting or blood test data. Modified Poisson regression approach was used to estimate the relative risks and the 95% confidence intervals of incident diabetes with periodontitis. Covariates included age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, hypertension, current smoking habits, alcohol use, dyslipidemia, and exercise habits.ResultsOf the 2895 candidates identified at baseline in 2004, 2469 men were eligible for follow-up analysis, 133 of whom were diagnosed with diabetes during the 5-year follow-up period. Tooth loosening was associated with incident diabetes [adjusted relative risk = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.14–2.64] after adjusting for other confounding factors. Gingival hemorrhage displayed a similar trend but was not significantly associated with incident diabetes [adjusted relative risk = 1.32, 95% confidence interval = 0.95–1.85].ConclusionsTooth loosening is an independent predictor of incident type 2 diabetes in Japanese men.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes is a significant and growing health problem
Of the 2895 candidates identified at baseline in 2004, 2469 men were eligible for follow-up analysis, 133 of whom were diagnosed with diabetes during the 5-year follow-up period
Tooth loosening was associated with incident diabetes [adjusted relative risk = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.14–2.64] after adjusting for other confounding factors
Summary
Type 2 diabetes is a significant and growing health problem. As of 2013, approximately 382 million people worldwide have diabetes, and this number is predicted to reach 592 million by 2035 [1]. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease and requires long-term care. A number of lifestyle-related factors involved in type 2 diabetes development have been demonstrated, including obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use [3,4,5,6]. To prevent type 2 diabetes, it is useful to identify novel and influential risk factors that could be targeted for intervention. The relationship between type 2 diabetes and periodontitis has been identified [7]. The effects of periodontitis on incident type 2 diabetes have not yet been established, because many confounding factors and “reverse causation”; that is, poor glycemic control in diabetes patients may be a cause of periodontitis, exist between the two diseases [7]
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