Self-reported methods of weight cutting in professional mixed-martial artists: how much are they losing and who is advising them?

Sungjun Park,Michelle Alencar,John Sassone,Alison Ede,Leilani Madrigal

doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0320-9

Sungjun Park, Michelle Alencar + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-019-0320-9

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Abstract

BackgroundSimilar to other combat sports, mixed martial arts (MMA) includes divisional weight classes. The purpose of our research was to further investigate the amount of weight professional MMA fighters lost prior to weighing in for competition, their methods used to cut weight, and their sources of advice on how to cut weight.MethodsThis survey was administered to 92 male professional MMA athletes. The survey questions included duration of overall weight loss prior to competition, methods of weight-cutting, and their sources of advice regarding weight cutting.ResultsWhen comparing the number of methods of weight cutting with the source of advice, those who received their advice from social media used slightly more methods of weight cutting (M = 4.86, SD = 1.27) than those who did not (M = 4.02, SD = 1.55); t(90) = − 2.53, p < .05. MMA athletes that used the help of a registered dietitian nutritionist also reported using the least amount of methods for weight-cutting than any other category (M = 3.84, SD = 1.67). Those that used teammates and did not use a registered dietitian nutritionist used slightly more methods (M = 4.46, SD = 1.41) than those who used a registered dietitian nutritionist.ConclusionsThe findings of this study report that professional MMA athletes do undergo rapid weight loss through various methods to make weight for competition. This study adds evidence to the literature that most professional MMA athletes undergo RWL for competition without the guidance of a registered dietitian nutritionist. It is unclear what the effect of using a registered dietitian nutritionist may have on an MMA athletes’ ability to reduce weight in a safe and effective manner. Future research should seek to investigate if employing a registered dietitian nutritionist may lead to a higher rate of success for MMA athletes to make weight, and help reduce adverse risks of RWL.

Highlights

The sport of mixed martial arts (MMA) is rapidly growing and increasing in popularity [1, 2]
Previous studies have reported these common methods of rapid weight loss (RWL) [24, 26, 28]. These findings indicate that current professional MMA athletes are increasing the amount of weight lost in the last few days leading up to competition, which may place them at higher risks of hypohydration
The findings of this study suggest that professional MMA athletes report undergoing RWL through various methods to make weight for competition

Summary

Introduction

The sport of mixed martial arts (MMA) is rapidly growing and increasing in popularity [1, 2]. Most MMA athletes lose differing amounts of weight rapidly by dehydrating prior to weighing in. They use the period between weighing in and competition to try to replenish fluids and increase body weight [4,5,6,7]. A study with 17 MMA athletes from all weight classes and expertise indicated that they lost up to 10% body mass in the week prior to weighing in [7]. Similar to other combat sports, mixed martial arts (MMA) includes divisional weight classes. The purpose of our research was to further investigate the amount of weight professional MMA fighters lost prior to weighing in for competition, their methods used to cut weight, and their sources of advice on how to cut weight

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