Abstract
BackgroundFew population-based studies assessing IPV among randomly selected women and men have been conducted in Sweden. Hence, the aim of the current study was to explore self-reported exposure, associated factors, social and behavioural consequences of and reasons given for using psychological, physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) among women and men residing in Sweden.MethodsCross-sectional postal survey of women and men aged 18–65 years. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with exposure to IPV.ResultsPast-year IPV exposure rates were similar in women and men; however, earlier-in-life estimates were higher in women. Poor to moderate social support, growing up with domestic violence and being single, widowed or divorced were associated with exposure to all forms of IPV in men and women. Women and men tended to report different social consequences of IPV.ConclusionsOur finding that women reported greater exposure to IPV earlier-in-life but not during the past year suggests the importance of taking this time frame into account when assessing gender differences in IPV. In-depth, qualitative studies that consider masculinities, femininities power and gender orders would be beneficial for extending and deepening our understanding of the gendered matter of IPV.
Highlights
Few population-based studies assessing intimate partner violence (IPV) among randomly selected women and men have been conducted in Sweden
IPV exposure rates during the past year were similar for women and men for all three forms of violence (Table 2)
Women had higher exposure rates than men for all three forms of violence: psychological IPV was experienced by 23.6% of the women and 13.8% of the men; physical IPV by 14.3% of the women and 6.8% of the men; and sexual IPV by 9.2% of the women and 2.5% of the men
Summary
Few population-based studies assessing IPV among randomly selected women and men have been conducted in Sweden. The conceptualization of “gender” can be extended beyond the sex-difference of a particular violent act, to something that is actively “done” in everyday life in a way that shapes, confirms or challenges societal norms of masculinities and femininities. These norms, in turn, are informed by gender hierarchies and power [9] that may influence the experience, consequences and context in which IPV takes place [10,11]
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