Abstract
People with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk for autoimmune thyroid disease, which is more common in women than in men according to at least one (1) but not all (2) studies. Exposures unique to women, such as pregnancy, exogenous estrogen, and menopause, have been linked to other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (3). However, studies examining such exposures in women with type 1 diabetes are unavailable. Because the incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing worldwide, it is important to determine the factors associated with comorbid conditions (4). We analyzed participants ( n = 1,324) in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), a randomized trial of intensive insulin therapy, and its follow-up, Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC). With the use of Cox regression models, we estimated hypothyroid risk associated with sex, age, DCCT treatment group, diabetes duration, microvascular complications, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Among women, we further examined parity, menopause, and estrogen use. We also report the cumulative …
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