Self-renewing legume-grass stands on drained lands of the Central District of the Non-Chernozem Zone

Abstract

Studies to study the adaptive responses of self-renewing legume-grass stands were carried out in 2018-2021 at the agroecological station VNIIMZ (Tver region). The object of research was pasture herbage with the participation of rhizomatous grasses: giant bentgrass variety VIK-2, meadow bluegrass variety Balin and red fescue variety Maxima, their productivity was studied under conditions of uneven precipitation. It was revealed that the most adaptive conditions for the growth, development and formation of the productivity of the studied herbs were formed in the first and second years of use with a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.16 and 1.33, respectively. A high adaptive potential was established in grass stands with the participation of red fescue, which were the most resistant to the conservation of sown species and the introduction of forbs. It is shown that grass stands with bentgrass showed the most adaptive reactions to mineral fertilization. The increase in their yield was 2.3-6.5 t/ha of green mass, which is 1.3-2.3 t/ha more than the increase in other grass stands. The advantage in terms of productivity, both in terms of the background of fertilizers and the natural background, was in grass stands with red fescue. Meadow bluegrass mixtures had the lowest collection of pasture fodder - 19.9-22.5 t/ha of green mass. The resulting feed with a content of 18.3-22.1 % of crude protein, 23.5-28.1 % of crude fiber and with a dry matter concentration of 9.91-10.9 MJ of metabolizable energy per 1 kg is of high quality. It has been established that for the sustainable development of grassland farming in a changing climate on drained lands, it is necessary to use legume-grass stands with the participation of rhizomatous grasses, which provide a high opportunity for a more complete use of habitat resources and resistance to agro-climatic stresses of the growing season, form productivity at level 3.94-5.02 t/ha of dry matter and 3.2-4.2 thousand fodder units in a natural place of growth and 4.7-6.1 t / ha of dry weight and 3.9-5.0 thousand fodder units on the background of fertilizers.