Abstract
The integrity of image content is essential, although most watermarking algorithms can achieve image authentication but not automatically repair damaged areas or restore the original image. In this paper, a self-recovery reversible image watermarking algorithm is proposed to recover the tampered areas effectively. First of all, the original image is divided into homogeneous blocks and non-homogeneous blocks through multi-scale decomposition, and the feature information of each block is calculated as the recovery watermark. Then, the original image is divided into 4×4 non-overlapping blocks classified into smooth blocks and texture blocks according to image textures. Finally, the recovery watermark generated by homogeneous blocks and error-correcting codes is embedded into the corresponding smooth block by mapping; watermark information generated by non-homogeneous blocks and error-correcting codes is embedded into the corresponding non-embedded smooth block and the texture block via mapping. The correlation attack is detected by invariant moments when the watermarked image is attacked. To determine whether a sub-block has been tampered with, its feature is calculated and the recovery watermark is extracted from the corresponding block. If the image has been tampered with, it can be recovered. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively recover the tampered areas with high accuracy and high quality. The algorithm is characterized by sound visual quality and excellent image restoration.
Highlights
Image content integrity is of great significance for special types of images since their important texture details contain some important information, such as the strike targets in military images, regions of interest in medical images, and evidence in legal images
The recovery watermark is extracted in sub-block Ii corresponding to the tampered image block; the tampered area is recovered by the recovery watermark extracted from this block
Visual quality of the watermarked image: the similarity between the generated recovery watermarked image and original image is measured after embedding the recovery watermark; 3
Summary
Image content integrity is of great significance for special types of images (military images, medical images, legal images, etc.) since their important texture details contain some important information, such as the strike targets in military images, regions of interest in medical images, and evidence in legal images. Results revealed that when the tamper area is smaller, the recovery rate is higher This embedded idea based on independent blocks can effectively resist vector quantization (VQ) attacks and collusion attacks, thereby improving the security of the algorithm to some extent. The recovery watermark is derived from the data of the compressed original image; data are embedded into the LSB image for self-recovery This algorithm is simple and highly secure, which can repair the tampered areas and resist collage attacks effectively. Liu et al [10] proposed a watermarking algorithm based on the hierarchical structure In this approach, the watermark information is embedded into the 2-bit LSB original image.
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