Abstract
Near-field electrospinning (NFES) is capable of precisely deposit one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) highly aligned micro/nano fibers (NMFs) by electrically discharged a polymer solution. In this paper, a new integration of three-dimensional (3D) architectures of NFES electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) NMFs with the 3D printed topologically tailored substrate are demonstrated in a direct-write and in-situ poled manner, called wavy- substrate self-powered sensors (WSS). The fabrication steps are composed of the additive manufacture of 3D printed flexible and sinusoidal wavy substrate, metallization and NFES electrospun fibers in the 3D topology. This 3D architecture is capable of greatly enhancing the piezoelectric output. Finally, the proposed piezoelectrically integrated 3D architecture is applied to the self-powered sensors such as foot pressure measurement, human motion monitoring and finger-induced power generation. The proposed technique demonstrates the advancement of existing electrospinning technologies in constructing 3D structures and several promising applications for biomedical and wearable electronics.
Highlights
Self-power system is on the huge demand for portable or wearable electronics for the ubiquitous computing systems
Please noted that the Near-field electrospinning (NFES) is performed at atmospheric condition, the environmental disturbance will inevitably result in the accumulation of electrospun nano/micro fibers (NMFs) in some regions, as indicated in scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
The continuous deposition of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) NMFs was fabricated under restricted operating region at the sacrifice of diameter variation of NMFs which was identified in previous research[37]
Summary
And experimentally for the forces and pressure derived from human motions, the proposed WSS based pressure sensor demonstrates the potential to apply on health care monitoring system can be discernably detectable to collect pressure information, as indicated in Fig. 5b–d such that the different objects with normal, flat foot and tip-toed conditions can be clearly identified. Owing to the structurally durable and flexible design, the related symptoms of repeatedly applied forces in human motions can be fully integrated the WSS device in a self-powered manner
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