Abstract
We show that a Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas that is immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate can undergo a transition to a crystal-like Mott state with regular spacing between the atoms without any externally imposed lattice potential. We characterize this phase transition as a function of the interspecies interaction and temperature of the TG gas, and show how it can be measured via accessible observables in cold atom experiments. We also develop an effective model that accurately describes the system in the pinned insulator state and which allows us to derive the critical temperature of the transition.
Highlights
We show that a Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas that is immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate can undergo a transition to a crystal-like Mott state with regular spacing between the atoms without any externally imposed lattice potential
Introduction.—Quantum phase transitions are a hallmark of quantum many-body physics and responsible for systems being able to access new states and obtain unique properties [1]
In lattice systems of cold atoms at effectively zero temperature the celebrated superfluid to Mott-insulator transition was first experimentally observed by Greiner et al [2] and sparked a large effort in observing condensed matter physics in these highly controllable systems [3]
Summary
We show that a Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas that is immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate can undergo a transition to a crystal-like Mott state with regular spacing between the atoms without any externally imposed lattice potential. Interspecies interactions can create an effective mean-field potential for the TG gas, which is highly nonlinear since it depends on the positions of the individual TG atoms.
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