Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health challenge. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-perception of oral health and clinical condition among patients with CKD. This is a quanti-qualitative survey conducted in a CKD specialized service. The sample consisted of 60 patients who underwent oral examinations to have their severity of caries (DMFT) and need for dental prosthesis checked. Age, sex, time on dialysis, marital status, skin color, education and pre-existing diseases were also analyzed. Among the kidney patients who agreed to undergo the clinical examinations and showed communication skills, some were selected, and three focus groups were created, with the participation of a moderator and six to 10 kidney patients in each group. Their speeches were processed in the IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed through the similarity analysis and word cloud techniques. As for profile, the patients were aged 60.23 ± 10.87 years old; were male (73.33%); were on dialysis for 41.90 ± 56.57 months; were married (61.67%); were white (76.67%); had incomplete primary education (41.66%); had arterial hypertension (76.67%); had a DMFT index of 22.55 ± 8.39; 43.33% needed an upper complete denture; and 30.00% needed a lower complete denture. The similarity analysis revealed many doubts and uncertainties about current health services, which can be proven by the words ‘no’ and ‘treatment’. The quanti-qualitative analysis showed a high rate of dental loss and the need for complete dentures and suggests inequities in oral health care for chronic kidney disease patients, especially in tertiary care. There was a positive representation regarding oral health, but the lexicographical analyses of the textual corpus confirmed the self-perception of lack of dental care.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a public health problem worldwide, as it has a negative impact on the life expectancy and quality of life of kidney patients and demands a significant amount of resources allocated to health (Crestani Filho, & Rodrigues, 2013)
In this study on oral health and CKD, out of the 60 kidney patients assessed, 25 (41.67%) were between 50 and 59 years of age, and 44 (73.33%) were male
In 2019, the Brazilian chronic dialysis survey showed that 58.0% of patients were male and aged between 20 and 64 years old (63.3%)
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a public health problem worldwide, as it has a negative impact on the life expectancy and quality of life of kidney patients and demands a significant amount of resources allocated to health (Crestani Filho, & Rodrigues, 2013). CKD can cause systemic changes, such as cardiovascular and hemostatic problems, anemia and lymphocytopenia (Stein & Wild, 2002), and can be as well a consequence of these changes in patients with the pathology. CKD, when affecting systemic functions, impacts the oral health of these patients, with special action on periodontal tissues. The importance of oral health care in the management of patients with systemic diseases, including CKD, is of great relevance (Oyetola, Owotade, Agbelusi, Fatusi, & Sanusi, 2015)
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