Abstract
Experimental investigations of a hollow cathode discharge through the controlled variation of anode potential inside a hollow cylindrical cavity, in the absence and presence of the magnetic field, reveal the self-organization of uniform complex space charge structure formation around the spherical anode into concentrated localized anode spots. The discharge current–voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) characteristic along with the electrostatic floating potential and discharge current fluctuations measured during the glow discharge regime suggest that the initial stable multiple sheath formation around the anode dissociates into intermittent multiple localized anode spot formations while passing through transient states during anode potential variation. On introducing a magnetic field, the localized concentrated anode spot formations on the anode surface undergo random distribution through self-organized criticality (SOC) and pronounced low-frequency oscillations (~52.4 kHz). These oscillations gradually develop into harmonics of 100 kHz on further increasing the anode potential in the presence of the external magnetic field. Various discharge regimes are investigated through the time-resolved floating potential variation measurements using a cylindrical Langmuir probe (LP). We report on the relation between the discharge variations with the nonlinear time series analysis of the discharge current and floating potential fluctuations through the reconstructed phase space in different time domains to analyze the dynamics of complex structure formations and the existence of SOC behavior during the present hollow cathode discharge regime. The study of self-organized pattern formations and SOC behavior is vital for understanding the complex behavior of plasmas in the field of strongly coupled plasmas, plasma-based surface treatments, and thrusters for further development.
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