Abstract
The goal of the research was to observe and analyze self-organization patterns in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) by modeling basic economic relationships between agents. The paper describes the worked-out MAS including the example of a production cycle and used economic rules. A special focus is put on behavior rules and decision systems of an individual agent as product advertising, price & purchase negotiations, deals in the context of limited resources and time constraints to make a decision. The MAS was implemented in a dedicated C#-based environment and a number of simulations were carried out. The paper reports some of recorded self-organization patterns and their dynamics over time in terms of their spatial arrangement or mutual relations (e.g.: bargain price, market shares, etc.), and provides their analysis and discussion.
Highlights
Most frequently Self-Organization (SO) refers to the ability of a class of systems to change their organization, internal structure and/or function, without explicit external-to-the-system influence during the execution time (Di Marzo Serugendo et al, 2005; Banzhaf, 2009)
The emergent phenomenon “arises from local interactions occurring among the individual components, allowing the system to operate without any central control” (Di Marzo Serugendo et al, 2005)
There arises a complex global behavior of the model as the result of local interactions of its elements. This makes agent-based modeling (ABM) an important simulation modeling technique, which makes it possible to simulate some classes of systems, which are difficult, or almost impossible, to simulate using traditional mathematical frameworks
Summary
Most frequently Self-Organization (SO) refers to the ability of a class of systems to change their organization, internal structure and/or function, without explicit external-to-the-system influence during the execution time (Di Marzo Serugendo et al, 2005; Banzhaf, 2009). Because Self-Organizing processes take place in environments consisting of many interacting entities, typical tools for their simulation are the agent-based modeling (ABM) techniques (Bonabeau, 2002). There arises a complex global behavior of the model as the result of local interactions of its elements This makes ABM an important simulation modeling technique, which makes it possible to simulate some classes of systems, which are difficult, or almost impossible, to simulate using traditional mathematical frameworks. The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents a high level scenario for modeling economic relations using the environment, Section 3 highlights the worked-out model, and Section 4 shows the results of preliminary simulation experiments demonstrating the emergence of self-organized structures.
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