Abstract
AbstractThe proliferation of sensor networks, mobile and pervasive computing has provided the technological push for a new class of participatory-sensing applications, based on sensing and aggregating user-generated content, and transforming it into knowledge. However, given the power and value of both the raw data and the derived knowledge, to ensure that the generators are commensurate beneficiaries, we advocate an open approach to the data and intellectual property rights by treating user-generated content, as well as derived information and knowledge, as a common-pool resource. In this paper, we undertake an extensive review of experimental, commercial and social participatory sensory applications, from which we identify that a decentralised, community-oriented governance model is required to support this approach. Furthermore, we show that Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework, in conjunction with a framework for self-organising electronic institutions, can be used to give both an architecture and algorithmic base for the requisite governance model, in terms of operational and collective-choice rules specified in computational logic. This provides, we believe, the foundations for engineering knowledge commons for the next generation of participatory-sensing applications, in which the data generators are also the primary beneficiaries.
Highlights
Participatory sensing (Burke et al, 2006) is the process of leveraging user devices which are capable of various sensor measurements, to gather data in a bottom-up fashion and gain knowledge from the analysis of this data
We show that Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework, in conjunction with a framework for self-organising electronic institutions, can be used to give both an architecture and algorithmic base for the requisite governance model, in terms of operational and collective-choice rules specified in computational logic
We looked at social systems for managing knowledge commons which have been shown to conform to Ostrom’s design principles to sustain and develop a rich commons of knowledge, as well as a framework which enables very cheap and easy provision of infrastructure and governance for information and knowledge commons
Summary
Participatory sensing (Burke et al, 2006) is the process of leveraging user devices which are capable of various sensor measurements, to gather data in a bottom-up fashion and gain knowledge from the analysis of this data It has already been applied in many varying domains, from traffic and transportation (Mathur et al, 2010; Costa et al, 2012), to environmental conditions (Mendez et al, 2011; Hasenfratz et al, 2012), product pricing (Deng & Cox, 2009) and behavioural information (Miluzzo et al, 2008). ∙ A system for access control (i.e. provision and appropriation) in participatory-sensing applications can be designed according to Ostrom’s institutional design principles for self-governing institutions and formally specified in an action language This provides the foundations for engineering knowledge commons for the generation of participatory-sensing applications, in which the data generators are the primary beneficiaries
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