Self-nature representations: On the unique consequences of nature-self size on pro-environmental action

Abstract

In three studies, we investigated the consequences of self-nature representations for pro-environmental action, focusing on the role of viewing nature as relatively larger than the self (i.e., nature-self size; NSS). Drawing on theories from the self, prosocial behavior, and emotions literatures, we anticipated that NSS would make unique contributions above and beyond inclusion of nature in self (INS) in predicting behaviors, beliefs, and emotions associated with conservation outcomes. In Study 1, greater INS and greater NSS uniquely predicted greater biospheric concern, performing more conservation behaviors, and holding more pro-environmental beliefs. However, only seeing nature as relatively larger than the self (NSS) uniquely predicted greater self-transcendence, stronger beliefs in anthropogenic climate change, and holding more liberal ideologies. Study 2 manipulated NSS without altering INS, consistent with a distinction between these two self-nature representations, and it found that increasing NSS inspired stronger prosocial emotions. Finally, Study 3 explored whether these size effects might be driven by views of nature size, self size, or their relative differences, and nature size provided the best account. In addition to suggesting a unique role for nature-self size and discussing how particular facets of nature-self size might matter in different contexts, the current work builds conceptual bridges with several psychological literatures and suggests new avenues for pro-environmental interventions.