Abstract
This research presents a preliminary study on finding predictable methods of controlling the self-folding behaviors of weft knit textiles for use in the development of smart textiles and garment devices, such as those with shape memory, auxetic behavior or transformation abilities. In this work, Shima Seiki SDS-One Apex computer-aided knitting technology, Shima Seiki industrial knitting machines, and the study of paper origami tessellation patterns were used as tools to understand and predict the self-folding abilities of weft knit textiles. A wide range of self-folding weft knit structures was produced, and relationships between the angles and ratios of the knit and purl stitch types were determined. Mechanical testing was used as a means to characterize differences produced by stitch patterns, and to further understand the relationships between angles and folding abilities. By defining a formulaic method for predicting the nature of the folds that occur due to stitch architecture patterns, we can better design self-folding fabrics for smart textile applications.
Highlights
Knitting is the interlacing of yarns into loops resulting in fabrics that have inherent self-folding abilities
Recent interest in the use of self-folding–inspired structures for extraterrestrial applications has grown, including research conducted through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on folded solar arrays [7], where benefits lie in the ability of the structures to remain small while in transit, and grow exponentially for use in outer space
With transition lines at the angle of 57–59 degrees, neither the knit nor the purl stitches are dominant: the self-folding mechanisms are in equilibrium and a flat fabric is produced
Summary
Knitting is the interlacing of yarns into loops resulting in fabrics that have inherent self-folding abilities. Discovering methods of controlling and understanding the self-folding mechanisms that occur with knit fabric relaxation would help expand the field of smart textiles, and benefit designs such as drug release [14] or compression bandages by affording smart textiles the ability to transform shape [9,15,16]. Creating these structures in fabric could capitalize on preexisting production methods with computer-programmed knitting machines that have successfully been used in the garment industry for decades [17]
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