Abstract
Recently, sensor networks have emerged as a high-impact research area, and a number of high profile applications have been proposed. Although significant progress has already been made on securing basic network protocols, additional research is needed to produce techniques and methods for protecting canonical tasks in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose an effective self-embedding authentication watermarking method for tampered location detection and image recovery. The proposed detection method is classified into block-wise and pixel-wise. In block-wise detection, if the size of the block is small, the false positive rate (FPR) will be low. In pixel-wise detection, when the tampered pixels are detected, only the corresponding pixel area is marked. Therefore, the FPR will be lower than that of the block-wise detection. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method was effective, and accurate tamper detection and high-quality recovery can be realized even in highly tampered images.
Highlights
Sensor networks have emerged as a high-impact research area and a number of high profile applications have been proposed
To detect tampered areas more accurately and improve their recovery effectively, our method proposes image authentication technology based on block-wise and pixel-wise detection methods
The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR)(r) of Qin et al [31] is higher than 3.74 dB compared to our method based on pixel-wise detection method, but their maximum tolerable tamper rate is less than 45%
Summary
Sensor networks have emerged as a high-impact research area and a number of high profile applications have been proposed. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are distributed embedded systems where each unit is equipped with a defined amount of computation, communication, storage, and sensing resources. We can detect the precise location of the tampered image or which frame of the video was damaged Other methods, such as encryption, are unable to do so. The second type of image authentication technology can detect and locate tampered areas as well as do a self-recovery of the tampered areas, which makes it extremely helpful for the protection of image integrity. The present study utilizes this image authentication technology and proposes an effective self-embedding watermarking method that can detect an image’s tampered area accurately, but it can improve image recovery capabilities of the tampered area effectively.
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