Abstract
Abstract The twentieth century witnessed the transition of communist ideology based on the internationalist concept of world revolution, Marx and Lenin being its outstanding representatives, to national Communism to which both Stalin and Mao Tsedong adhered. The right of nations to self‐determination which had been typical for the former version of communist strategy was rejected (explicity or actually) by the latter. This development had a direct impact on the transformation of the concept of nation which resulted in the emergence of the idea of a specific ‘Chinese nation’ and ‘Soviet people as a new historic type of human entity’. The present author tries to make clear in what way these notions were connected with the so‐called ‘Marxist theory of nation’ which for decades was considered by Bolsheviks to be the only scientific device to solve all the riddles of national problems of mankind. Although Marxists proved extremely flexible as regards many aspects of this theory they never allowed any hesitatio...
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