Abstract
Balanced time perspective is associated with optimal social functioning and provides psychological benefits in times of stress. Previous studies have found that mindfulness is positively associated with balanced time perspective and might promote it. However, the mechanism through which mindfulness affects balanced time perspective remains unexplored. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion and subjective well-being in the relationship between mindfulness and balanced time perspective. A total of 754 Chinese college students, aged 17–27 years, completed the Chinese versions of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, Subjective Well-Being Scale, and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. There were significant positive correlations between mindfulness, self-compassion, subjective well-being, and balanced time perspective. Structural equation modeling indicated that in addition to the direct influence of mindfulness on balanced time perspective, self-compassion and subjective well-being played a partial mediating role. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that mindfulness has an important positive influence on balanced time perspective, and highlights the crucial role of the self-compassion in cultivating a balanced time perspective. Limitations of the present study are also discussed.
Highlights
Today’s society is fast-paced and highly competitive, and can lead individuals to feel pressured and develop psychological problems (Alsubaie et al, 2017; Littlewood et al, 2017)
The assessment of the indirect effects in this multiple mediator model suggested a significant indirect serial mediated effect of self-compassion and Subjective well-being (SWB), analyses revealed two separate indirect effects through self-compassion and SWB in the relationship between mindfulness and balanced time perspective (BTP). These results suggested that self-compassion and SWB partly mediated the effect of mindfulness on BTP
The present findings suggest that self-compassion and SWB may partly mediate the effect of mindfulness on BTP as serial and parallel inductors
Summary
Today’s society is fast-paced and highly competitive, and can lead individuals to feel pressured and develop psychological problems (Alsubaie et al, 2017; Littlewood et al, 2017). BTP can help individuals cope with life challenges, relieve stress, and achieve a balanced and happy life (Drake et al, 2008; Sobol-Kwapinska, 2016; Stolarski et al, 2016) These advantages of BTP make it the focus of positive psychology (Boniwell and Zimbardo, 2015), and studies are increasingly beginning to focus on BTP. TP has been viewed as the cognitive tendency of individuals to be time-oriented toward the past, present, or future They defined five temporal frames to describe TP, as follows: Present Hedonistic, Present Fatalistic, Past Positive, Past Negative, and Future. These researchers further proposed the view of BTP. Sometimes it is necessary to use past positive time perspective to develop self-confidence, and self-efficacy
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