Self-care and improved outcomes: an intervention by heart failure nurse specialists

Abstract

Background: Heart failure is a prevalent, debilitating condition. Patients need to develop and maintain effective strategies and behaviours to care for themselves and manage their illness. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not an educational intervention carried out by a team of heart failure nurse specialists (HFNS), as part of usual care, enhanced self-care behaviour in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: A quantitative survey was carried out using the ‘Looking After Yourself with Heart Failure Questionnaire (LAYHFQ)’, to determine levels of self-care behaviour pre- and post-HFNS intervention. All new patients registered to a community heart failure nursing service completed the questionnaire at initial assessment and 6 weeks later, following the nurse-led intervention (N=36). Paired t-tests (2-tailed) were carried out to determine if there were significant differences between total self-care scores before and after the intervention, and for each individual self-care behaviour. Results: Selfcare was improved overall (p=0.011), with five behaviours demonstrating a statistically significant improvement: namely, the uptake of flu and pneumonia vaccination (p=0.009), regular weighing (p=0.001), recognising changes in sleep patterns (p=0.014), recognising signs of fluid retention (p=0.001), and the wellbeing dimension of going out as much as possible (p=0.019). Conclusion: An educational intervention by an HFNS leads to enhanced self-care and may result in improved physical and psychological outcomes for patients with heart failure.