Self-assessing music therapy: The validity and reliability of the music therapy practice scale (MTPS)

Abstract

Several questionnaires have been designed to accomplish specific research objectives in music therapy research. However, these do not always report the relevant psychometric properties. There is a need for valid and reliable instruments to self-assess music therapy practice. The development and validation of the Music Therapy Practice Scale (MTPS) - a quantitative 15-item scale for self-assessing music therapy practice - is reported. A total of 247 music therapists and music therapy trainees completed an MTPS. The validity and reliability of the scale were assessed, calculating descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. To demonstrate its utility, the scale was used to observe differences between music therapy students and post-graduate music therapists. The exploratory factor analysis focused on the following three dimensions for MTPS: 1. designing the treatment; 2. managing the sessions; 3. administrative duties. These dimensions were proved by the confirmatory factor analysis. Internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) was high (values varied between .81 and .92) and significant group differences were shown between students and music therapists in all MTPS dimensions studied. Preliminary evidence supports the use of MTPS for understanding and self-assessing the practice of music therapy students and post-graduate music therapists. The scale could also be applied to further research investigating the correlation between music therapy practice and other constructs, such as self-esteem and self-efficacy.