Self-assembling Peptide P11-4: A Biomimetic Agent for Enamel Remineralization

Abstract

The biomimetic approach for enamel remineralization is a new, modern alternative in the treatment of early stages of caries. The development of novel biomaterials requires understanding of the protein-mediated processes of enamel biomineralization. One of the materials used for enamel regeneration is self-assembling peptide P11-4. When it is applied to the carious lesion, the peptide undergoes one-dimensional self-assembly, including formation of nanotapes, ribbons, fibrils and fibers. As a result of this process a biomimetic scaffold within the initial enamel caries lesion is produced, supporting the natural remineralization driven by saliva. The peptide was originally developed for initial carious lesions, but the results show it has remineralizing effect even in deeper subsurface lesions. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies revealed the peptide’s ability to induce crystal nucleation and growth in demineralized and eroded enamel. Although P11-4 has been commercially available for almost one decade, further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.