Abstract
Biomembranes play a crucial role in a multitude of biological processes, where high selectivity and efficiency are key points in the reaction course. The outstanding performance of biological membranes is based on the coupling between the membrane and biomolecules, such as membrane proteins. Polymer-based membranes and assemblies represent a great alternative to lipid ones, as their presence not only dramatically increases the mechanical stability of such systems, but also opens the scope to a broad range of chemical functionalities, which can be fine-tuned to selectively combine with a specific biomolecule. Tethering the membranes or nanoassemblies on a solid support opens the way to a class of functional surfaces finding application as sensors, biocomputing systems, molecular recognition, and filtration membranes. Herein, the design, physical assembly, and biomolecule attachment/insertion on/within solid-supported polymeric membranes and nanoassemblies are presented in detail with relevant examples. Furthermore, the models and applications for these materials are highlighted with the recent advances in each field.
Highlights
Polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes have been in the focus as they show strong interaction with lipid bilayers while preventing the solid support to interact with cytosolic domains of membrane proteins, as in the case of poly([(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC), which was used as a support to characterize enzyme accessibility and membrane protein motion in planar cell membrane bilayers.[89]
When it comes to directed protein membrane insertion, in which the proteins have to be inserted in only one direction, the asymmetry of amphiphilic block copolymers with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains is a key factor supporting the biofunctionality of active surfaces with desired orientations.[98]
Self-assembled polymers allow the better preservation in their lumen of enzymes, which are protected from external environmental conditions and yet are fully active in situ, in much higher controlled and specific conditions than when the enzymes are free in solution and subjected to proteolytic attack of eventual denaturizing agents
Summary
These membranes outperform under various aspects their lipid counterparts, when it comes to mechanical stability, versatility, Biomimetic membrane technologies represent a promising area and tunable thickness.[13,14] proteins with specific of research to improve human health,[1,2,3] quality of life, and functions and conformations are inserted/attached into/onto the environment.[4,5,6] Bioinspired approaches for membrane relatively simple polymer membranes and assemblies to obtain formation and the use of novel biological materials interfaced bioactive surfaces.[15,16,17] The development of hybrid materials with stable synthetic materials constitute major opportunities based on biological materials and synthetic materials aims for research and development in the area of biomimetic mem- 1 day to reach the complexity, efficiency, and responsiveness of branes.[7,8] The integration of relevant proteins with useful and model organ systems. We present first the methods curaccurate functions into stable polymer membranes allows the rently in use to prepare functional surfaces on solid or porous fabrication of smart nanoassemblies and active surfaces for a support and the biomimetic strategy to produce and modify broad-spectrum of translational applications spanning from synthetic membranes and nanoassemblies with biomolecules (enzymes, proteins, transporter, DNA) and catalysts in order to. Www.advancedsciencenews.com www.mbs-journal.de to physical or chemical stimuli such as the presence of specific molecules or redox chemistry, which overcome the lack of functionality of lipid membranes.[13,14] we decided not to treat in depth such stimuli responsive systems as they have been extensively described elsewhere.[18,19] we present hybrid biologic–synthetic nanoassemblies used to improve the systems and achieve functional applications. We include a discussion on the fundamental and practical challenges and future steps for future improvements and development of solid-supported bio-hybrid membranes
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