Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of pyridylthio-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (pythio-MWNTs) have been constructed on the gold substrate surface, which were used as a support to immobilize cytochrome c (Cyt c). The assembly processes of the SAMs and adsorption of Cyt c were monitored by using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Based on the frequency change of the QCM resonator, the surface coverage for the SAMs of pythio-MWNTs was estimated to be about 5.2 μg/cm2, and that of the Cyt c adsorbed was about 0.29 μg/cm2. For the gold electrode modified by the SAMs of pythio-MWNTs-Cyt c, a quasi-reversible redox wave was recorded with the cathodic and anodic potentials at about −0.55 and −0.28 V vs Ag/AgCl, respectively. Compositions and morphologies of the SAMs before and after immobilization of Cyt c were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
Highlights
Self-assembly of a molecular monolayer or nanopatterns onto a solid surface has attracted much attention because of important academic researches and a wide variety of potential applications such as adhesion, lubrication, corrosion inhibition, and micro-/nanoelectronic devices [1,2,3]
The as-prepared pythio-multiwalled CNTs (MWNTs) were ultrasonically dissolved in DMF, the solution of which was centrifuged to remove ‘undissolved’ solid powders
A freshly prepared quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) crystal or gold substrate was immersed in the dark solution of pythio-MWNTs for the formation of the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which was immersed in the cytochrome c (Cyt c) solution for the formation of the bio-nanocomposites
Summary
Self-assembly of a molecular monolayer or nanopatterns onto a solid surface has attracted much attention because of important academic researches and a wide variety of potential applications such as adhesion, lubrication, corrosion inhibition, and micro-/nanoelectronic devices [1,2,3]. Many organic compounds and nanomaterials have been anchored on the gold surface through the sulfur (thiol, disulfide, or thioether) groups or on the quartz and glass surfaces through the siloxane linkage [4,5] Both of them provide strong interaction at interfaces, which results in an easy construction of well-defined self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The oxidized CNTs have been widely used to bind with polyelectrolytes or proteins to produce new hybrid materials based on the molecular electrostatic interaction, which have the functions of both CNTs and polyelectrolytes or proteins [12,13] These oxidized CNTs can react with the amino substituents of proteins for the formation of CNT-protein nanocomposites [14,15]
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