Abstract
Phosphonates have emerged as an alternative for functionalization of titanium surfaces by the formation of homogeneous self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) via Ti-O-P linkages. This study presents results from an investigation of the modification of Ti6Al4V alloy by chemisorption of osseoinductive alendronate using a simple, effective and clean methodology. The modified surfaces showed a tailored topography and surface chemistry as determined by SEM microscopy and RAMAN spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that an effective mode of bonding is created between the metal oxide surface and the phosphate residue of alendronate, leading to formation of homogenous drug distribution along the surface. In-vitro studies showed that alendronate SAMs induce differentiation of hMSC to a bone cell phenotype and promote bone formation on modified surfaces. Here we show that this novel method for the preparation of functional coatings on titanium-based medical devices provides osseoinductive bioactive molecules to promote enhanced integration at the site of implantation.
Highlights
Phosphonates have emerged as an alternative for functionalization of titanium surfaces by the formation of homogeneous self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) via Ti-O-P linkages
The key objective here is to direct the interaction between the host tissue and the implant towards a condition that supports a complete and successful osseointegration process[4]. An example of such a treatment consists of treatment with alkyl trichlorosilane derivatives that react with the titanate groups to form siloxane networks that can be further functionalised with different signalling molecules or bioactive peptide moieties to enhance their bioactivity[3,5]
Organophosphorus compounds such as phosphonates have emerged as an alternative means of functionalization of titanium surfaces with homogeneous self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)
Summary
Alendronate is a well-known bisphosphonate commonly used in osteoporosis therapy and treatment of other bone diseases[12]. It has recently been incorporated into heparin modified titanium implants for local delivery[13]. This paper presents results from a study of the osseoinductive potential of alendronate SAMs on Ti6Al4V alloy substrates. This approach has not been explored earlier and suggests that the presence of alendronate and related SAMs overcome some of the limitations of current implantology associated to lack of osseointegration and systemic administration of additional bone enhancing drug
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