Abstract
Producing biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) is an effective approach to improve biocompatibility of medical devices. In this study, biomimetic ECM nanostructures are constructed through layer-by-layer self-assembling positively charged chitosan (Chi), negatively charged oxidized sodium alginate (OAlg), and positively charged bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based nanoparticles. The BSA-based nanoparticles in the self-assembled films not only result in porous nanostructures similar to natural ECM, but also preserve the activity and realize the sustained release of Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The results of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) culture demonstrate that the penta-peptide glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartate-serine (GRGDS) grafted Chi/OAlg films favor cell adhesion and proliferation. GRGDS and BMP-2 in biomimetic ECM nanostructures synergistically promote BMSC functions and new bone formation. The RGD and BMP incorporated biomimetic ECM coatings could be applied on a variety of biomedical devices to improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility.
Highlights
Producing biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) is an effective approach to improve the bioactivity of medical devices
The buildup process of the (Chi/oxidized sodium alginate (OAlg))[20] polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) was monitored by contact angle measurement (Fig. 2d)
After depositing the second OAlg layer, the contact angle decreases to 35°, which is because OAlg is more hydrophilic than Chi[25]
Summary
Producing biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) is an effective approach to improve the bioactivity of medical devices. A combination of multiple biomolecules and nanostructures is desired for biomimetic ECM to create the optimal microenvironment for favoring cell affinity and regulating cellular functions[2] Adhesive peptide, such as arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) is one important type of signal molecules that are generally immobilized on biomaterial surfaces to regulate cell behaviors. Previous studies demonstrated that immobilization of biomolecules, such as cell adhesive peptides (e.g. containing the sequence RGD) or growth factors, on material surfaces is of critical importance for increasing cell affinity[7,17]. The purpose of this study is to develop nanostructured biomimetic ECM containing the RGD sequence and growth factors for promoting cell adhesion and osteoinductivity. BMP loaded-ECM (BMP-ECM), GRGDS-grafted and BMP-2 loaded ECM coatings (BMP/GRGDS-ECM) were designed to investigate the synergistic effect of GRGDS and BMP-2 on cell/tissue growth
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