Abstract
Self-assembled temperature-induced injectable hydrogels fabricated via self-assembly of polymer smart-blocks have been widely investigated as drug delivery systems and platforms for tissue regeneration. Polymer smart-blocks that can be self-assembly play an important role in fabrication of hydrogels because they can self-assemble to induce the gelation of their copolymer in aqueous solution. The self-assembly occurs in response to an external stimulus change, such as temperature, pH, glucose, ionic strength, light, magnetic field, electric field, or their combination, which results in property transformations like hydrophobicity, ionization, and conformational change. The self-assembly smart-block based copolymers exist as a solution in aqueous media at certain conditions that are suitable for mixing with bioactive molecules and/or cells. However, this solution turns into a hydrogel due to the self-assembly of the smart-blocks under exposure to an external stimulus change in vitro or injection into the living body for a controllable release of loaded bioactive molecules or serving as a biomaterial scaffold for tissue regeneration. This work reports current scenery in the development of these self-assembly smart-blocks for fabrication of temperature-induced injectable physically cross-linked hydrogels and their potential application as drug delivery systems and platforms for tissue engineering.
Highlights
IntroductionHydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) hydrophilic cross-linked polymeric networks that contain a large portion of water or biological fluids (Huynh et al, 2011a; Nguyen et al, 2015; Norouzi et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2017; Yu et al, 2018; Cirillo et al, 2019)
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (Huynh et al, 2011a), poly(D,L lactic acid) (PLA) (Guo et al, 2015), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (Hyun et al, 2007), P(LA-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (Lee et al, 2001a), P(CL-coLA) (PCLA) (Kang et al, 2010), P(CL-co-GA) (PCGA) (Jiang et al, 2007; Chen et al, 2016a,b), poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) (Barouti et al, 2016), poly(LA-co-δ-valerolactone) (PLVA) (Vidyasagar et al, 2017) poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) (Bat et al, 2008), poly(amino urethane) (PAU) (Dayananda et al, 2008), poly(amino ester urethane) (PAEU) (Huynh et al, 2011b) are typical examples of synthetic polymer smart-blocks, which have been widely employed for injectable hydrogel fabrication
This review aims to provide a development progress of self-assembly synthetic smart-blocks for fabrication of temperature-induced injectable physical cross-linked hydrogels and their potential in the delivery of therapeutic molecules and tissue regeneration
Summary
Hydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) hydrophilic cross-linked polymeric networks that contain a large portion of water or biological fluids (Huynh et al, 2011a; Nguyen et al, 2015; Norouzi et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2017; Yu et al, 2018; Cirillo et al, 2019). Hydrogel biomaterials offer highly porous structures and high water contain, which increases the efficiency of nutrient transportation to the encapsulated cells and facilitates the waste removal (Huynh et al, 2011a; Nguyen et al, 2015; Norouzi et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2017; Yu et al, 2018; Cirillo et al, 2019). Synthetic polymer hydrogels offer uniform and designable chemical structure and properties, highly functionalability, high mechanical strength, and controllable degradation rate (Antoine et al, 2015; Pina et al, 2015)
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