Abstract
Seleno-amino acids are safe, health-promoting compounds for humans. Numerous studies have focused on the forms and metabolism of seleno-amino acids in vegetables. Based on research progress on seleno-amino acids, we provide insights into the production of selenium-enriched vegetables with high seleno-amino acids contents. To ensure safe and effective intake of selenium, several issues need to be addressed, including (1) how to improve the accumulation of seleno-amino acids and (2) how to control the total selenium and seleno-amino acids contents in vegetables. The combined use of plant factories with artificial lighting and multiple analytical technologies may help to resolve these issues. Moreover, we propose a Precise Control of Selenium Content production system, which has the potential to produce vegetables with specified amounts of selenium and high proportions of seleno-amino acids.
Highlights
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human health
Dietary deficiency of Se in humans is associated with an increased risk of death, hypoimmunity, and cognitive decline (Rayman, 2012), while excess Se supplementation may cause toxicity as Se is involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidation of thiol compounds, which can lead to oxidative damage in cells (Rayman et al, 2018; Pyrzynska and Sentkowska, 2021)
We critically explore the literature related to the forms of Se-AAs and Se concentrations of different vegetables, the factors that affect Se speciation, and the metabolism of Se-AAs in plant species
Summary
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human health. For adults (≥18 years), the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of Se for both genders in Chinese populations is 60 μg per day (National Health Commission, 2018). In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion studies suggested SeMet is the major form of bioaccessible Se released from food matrices (Bhatia et al, 2013; Wang et al, 2013; do Nascimento da Silva et al, 2017) Overall, due their abundance in vegetables, low toxicity, and high bioavailability, Se-AAs are thought to be valuable forms of dietary Se supplements. Due their abundance in vegetables, low toxicity, and high bioavailability, Se-AAs are thought to be valuable forms of dietary Se supplements In this regard, it is of interest to develop Se-enriched vegetables with high-Se-AA contents to ensure safe, sufficient intake of Se. In this review, we critically explore the literature related to the forms of Se-AAs and Se concentrations of different vegetables, the factors that affect Se speciation, and the metabolism of Se-AAs in plant species. This comprehensive review may aid the innovation and development of Se-enriched vegetables with high-Se-AA contents in agricultural practice
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